Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Combination of Resistors: Resistors in Series: Resistors are said to be connected in series, If the same current is flowing through each resistor, when different potential difference is applied across the combination. Let three resistors having resistance R₁, R₂ and R₃ respectively are connected in series, let V be […]
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Conductance and Conductivity: Conductance: It is defined as the reciprocal of resistance of a conductor. It is expressed as Conductivity: It is defined as the reciprocal of resistivity of a conductor. Relation Between Current Density, Conductivity and Electric Field:
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Temperature Dependence of Resistivity/ Resistance: Resistivity of a metal conductor is given by
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Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Colour Code for Carbon Resistors: The value of resistance used in electrical and electronic circuits vary over a wide range. These resistances are usually carbon resistances and a colour code is used to indicate the value of resistance. Carbon resisters are compact, inexpensive and are used in electronic circuits.
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Resistivity of Various Materials: It is defined as the resistance of a unit length with unit area of cross section of the material of the conductors. Its SI unit is ohm-metre. Dimensional formula is [ML³T⁻³A⁻²].
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Mobility: It is defined as the magnitude of drift velocity(Vd) of charge per unit electric field applied.
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Relation Between Drift Velocity and Electric Current: We consider a conductor of length l and A be the uniform area of cross-section. Volume of conductor V= Al If n be the number of free electron per unit volume, then Total number of free electron in conductor= nAl If e
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Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Drift Velocity: It is defined as the average velocity with which the free electrons in a conductor get drifted towards positive end of the conductor under the influence of an electric field applied across the conductor. It is denoted by Vd. The Drift Velocity of electron is of the order
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Limitations of Ohm’s Law: The devices which do not obey Ohm’s law are called non ohmic devices, such a vacuum tube. The relation V/I=R is valid for both ohmic and non ohmic devices. For ohmic conductors value of R is constant. For non ohmic devices, value of R is not
Chapter-3|Current Electricity| NCERT 12th Physics: Effect of Temperature on Resistance: Experimentally it was observed that on increasing temperature from T to T+dT, Resistance changes from R₀ to R₀+dR, then For metals the value of α is positive, therefore resistance of the metal increases with rise in temperature. For insulators and semiconductors the value of α is negative, therefore
