A collision is said to be occur between two or more bodies, either if they physically collide against each other or if the path of one is affected by the force exerted by the other. For collision take place, the actual physical contact is not necessary.
In Rutherford’s scattering experiment, α-particle get scattered due to the electrostatic repulsive force between the α-particle and the nucleus from a distance. The α-particle is said to have suffered collision with the nucleus.
Collision are of two types-
(I) Elastic Collision
(II) Inelastic Collision
(I) Elastic Collision
If there is no loss of kinetic energy during a collision, it is called an elastic collision.
Characteristics Of Elastic Collision
(a) The momentum is conserved
(b) Total kinetic energy is conserved
(c) The total Energy is conserved
(d) Forces involving during the collision are conservative
(e) Mechanical Energy is not converted into heat, light, sound, etc.
Example:- Collision between subatomic particle, collision between glass balls etc.
(II) Inelastic Collision
If there is a loss of kinetic energy during a collision, it is called inelastic collision.
Characteristics Of Inelastic Collision
(a) The momentum is conserved
(b) Total energy is conserved
(c) Kinetic Energy is not conserved
(d) Some or all the forces involved are not conservative
(e) A part of the mechanical energy is converted into heat, light, sound etc.
Example:- Collision between two vehicles, collision between a ball and floor.
NCERT Class 11 Physics Book PDF Free Download
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