According to the principal of superposition, the gravitational force between two masses acts independently and uninfluenced by the presence of other bodies. Hence, the resultant gravitational force acting on a particle due to a number of masses is the vector sum of the gravitational forces exerted by the individual masses on the given particle.
The gravitational force on a point mass m₁ is the vector sum of the gravitational force exerted by the point masses m₂, m₃, m₄.
According to the law of gravitation the force on m₁ exerted by m₂ is
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