It is a plot of the binding energy per nucleon Ebn versus the mass number A for a large number of nuclei. From Graph: 1. Average binding energy per nucleon for light nuclei like ₁H¹, ₁H², ₁H³ is small. 2. For mass numbers ranging from 2 to 20, there are sharply defined peaks corresponding to ₂He⁴, ₆C¹²,

Mass-Energy: Einstein  showed that mass is another form of energy and one can convert mass-energy into other form of energy.                               E = mc² Where, E=energy, m=mass and c is speed of light. Nuclear Binding Energy: The energy with which nucleons

Shape and Size of Nucleus: Nuclei are regarded as spherical. The size of the nucleus has been measured with the help of a variety of experiments involving the scattering of particles as neutrons, protons, electrons, etc. From all these experiments, it is found that the volume of the nucleus is directly proportional to the number

Atomic Number: Atomic number of an element is the number of proton present inside the nucleus of an atom of the element. It is also equal to the number of electron revolving around the various orbits. Atomic Number Z = Number of protons = Number of electrons(in neutral atom). Mass Number:  Mass of an element

Nucleus: The positive charge and entire mass of atom is concentrated at its centre called nucleus.  Radius of atom ≈10⁻¹⁰ m Radius of Nucleus ≈10⁻¹⁵ m Composition of Nucleus: The nucleus was first discovered in 1911 by Lord Rutherford and his Associates by experiments on scattering of α-particle by atoms.  Nucleus is made up of photons and neutrons

1. This model is applicable only to a simple atom like Hydrogen having Z= 1. The theory fails if Z>1. 2. It does not explain the fine structure of spectral lines in hydrogen atom. 3. This model does not explain why orbits of electrons are taken as a circular, whereas elliptical orbits are also possible.